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Áö¹®Àνıâ¼ú( fingerprint-based identification )Àº »ýüÀÎ½Ä ±â¼ú °¡¿îµ¥ °¡Àå ¿À·¡µÈ ±â¼úÀ̸鼭 ÇöÀç ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ³Î¸® »ç¿ëµÇ¾îÁö°í ÀÖ´Â ±â¼úÀ̱â´Ù ÇÏ´Ù. Áö¹®Àº ±Ø¼Ò¼öÀÇ ÈÑ¼ÕµÈ Áö¹®¼ÒÀ¯ÀÚ¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°ï °³ÀÎÀÇ °íÀ¯ÇÑ Á¤º¸·Î¼­ °¡Ä¡¸¦ Áö´Ñ´Ù.

Áö¹®Àº ¼Õ°¡¶ô Ç¥¸éÀÇ ±¼°îÀ» Áö´Ñ ÆÐÅÏ(the pattern of ridges and furrows )ÀÇ ¿¬¼ÓÀ¸·Î Ư¡ÁöÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ·± ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ÆÐÅÏÀ» °¡Áö°í °¢ °³ÀÎÀÇ Æ¯Â¡ µ¥ÀÌÅͷΠȰ¿ëÀÌ µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î Áö¹®¸ÅĪÀÇ ±â¼ú Áß Å©°Ô µÎ °¡Áö·Î ±¸ºÐÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

¿ì¼± Áö¹®À¶¼±ÀÇ ½ÃÀÛÁ¡°ú ³¡Á¡µîÀÇ ¹Ì¼¼ÇÑ Á¡(minutiae-based )µéÀ» ±âÁØÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â °Í°ú À¶¼±ÀÇ ÀÏÄ¡Á¡(correlation based )À» ±âÁØÀ¸·Î global-ÆÐÅϸÅĪÀ» ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ³ª´­ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

ù°, minutiae based Ž»ö ¹æ¹ýÀº Áö¹® À̹ÌÁöÀÇ quality°¡ ³·Àº »óÅ¿¡¼­ Áö¹®À¶¼±ÀÇ minutiae pointÀ» Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô Ã£´Â °ÍÀº ½¬¿î ÀÏÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç À¶¼±ÀÇ ±âÀú¸¦ global patternÀ¸·Î Ž»öÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù.

µÑ°, correlation-based ¹æ¹ýÀº ±âÁ¸ÀÇ minutiae based Ž»ö ¹æ¹ýÀÇ ´ÜÁ¡µéÀ» ´Ù¼Ò ±Øº¹ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù.

ÇÏÁö¸¸ correlation-based ¹æ¹ý ¶ÇÇÑ Á¤È®ÇÑ µî·Ï Æ÷ÀÎÆ® À§Ä¡Á¤º¸°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇϸç ÀÔ·Â Áö¹®À̹ÌÁöÀÇ È¸Àü,Åõ¿µµî¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ´Â ´ÜÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.


À¶¼±(ridge) : Áö¹®¿¡¼­ ¼± ¸ð¾çÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î »ê¸Æ°ú °°ÀÌ ¼Ú¾Æ¿À¸¥ ºÎºÐ
°ñ(valley) : À¶¼±°ú À¶¼± »çÀÌ¿¡ °è°î°ú °°ÀÌ ÆÄÀÎ ºÎºÐ
³¡Á¡(ending point) : À¶¼±ÀÌ ²÷¾îÁö´Â Á¡
ºÐ±âÁ¡(bifurcation) : À¶¼±ÀÌ °¥¶óÁö´Â Á¡
Áß½ÉÁ¡(upper core) : ±¼°îÀÌ À§ÂÊÀ¸·Î °¡Àå Å« °÷
¾Æ·¡Áß½ÉÁ¡(lower core) : ±¼°îÀÌ ¾Æ·¡ÂÊÀ¸·Î °¡Àå Å« °÷.
                                        ´Ü, À¶¼±ÀÇ È帧ÀÌ Áß½ÉÁ¡À» ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ½Î°í µ¹¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù
»ï°¢ÁÖ(lift, right delta) : Áö¹®ÀÇ À¶¼± È帧ÀÌ ¼¼ ¹æÇâ¿¡¼­ ¸ðÀÌ´Â °Í
Ridge Defined as having double the distance from starting to ending, as neighboring ridges are wide
Evading Ends Two ridges with different directions run parallel with each other for more than 3mm.
Bifurcation A ridge splits, both ridges maintain the same direction and are longer than 3mm
Hook A ridge splits; one ridge is not longer than 3mm
Fork Two ridges are connected by a third ridge not longer than 3mm
Dot The ridgesection is no longer than the neighboring ridges are wide
Eye The ridge splits and rejoins within 3mm
Island A ridge splits and joins again within not less than 3mm and not more than 6mm. The enclosed area is ridgeless.
Enclosed Ridge A ridge not longer than 6mm between two other ridges
Enclosed Loop A non-pattern determining loop between two or more parallel ridges.
Specialties Rare ridge forms such as question marks and butcher hooks